The Lunatic by Devkota

             In  "The Lunatic", Devkota wears the persona of a lunatic as if it were a mask. Each stanza brings out a different aspect of the speaker’s character, confidence, abnormality, imagination, sensitivity, rebellion, aggression, anger and awful majesty.

                             

Laxmi Prasad Devkota ( November 12 1909 - September14 1959, aged 50)

             Above all, this poem is at once a very modern expression of the deepest personal feelings of the poet and a surgical exposure of the hollowness of the so called intellectual aspirants of the time. The persona in the second stanza shows abnormal behavior. He does what a normal person can’t do. For example, he can see sound and hear the sight and taste the sweet smell. He can touch those things, the existence of which the people in the world deny. He is so imaginative that he can see a flower on the stone and the enchantress of the heaven smiling into him. He understands the language of the birds and talks to them.

                The third stanza shows how sensitive and tender-hearted he is. He contrasts his situation with the addresses. The addressee is the one who uses his brains and senses to find out the harsh reality. But the speaker uses his sixth sense and finds out what the heart thinks to be correct. Dreams and imagination are meaningful to him.

                       The fourth stanza tells how the speaker’s hypersensitivity led people to have a wrong impression of him. When he watched the mystery of the heaven in cold winter night, when he was sad at the death of people and the old age of a fair lady, people called him mad. When he would be happy hearing the cuckoo’s song and uncomfortable by the dead silence, they would think that he had gone mad. They would punish him saying that he should be admitted to a mental hospital. Even his friends would not regard him as a normal person.

                                In the fifth stanza, the persona has upset the accepted values. He does not appreciate those things which the world praises highly. What the aristocrats drink is the blood of the poor people. Due to lack of affection, prostitutes are no better than dead bodies. Because of high ambition, the king and the emperor are no better than the poor. The common men are far better than the highly learned me. The best place in the world is the worse place for the speaker. So the world calls him mentally deranged. In the sixth stanza, the speaker revolts against the society which is being led by blind leaders. He thinks that penances have run away from the society and they hate humanity. He rather sympathizes the weak people.

                              Finally, the speaker behaves like a rebel. He criticizes the flatterers because they have deprived people of their rights and they have underlined the false actions. The poor people accept their falsity as good action, and then the speaker gets so angry because he thinks these man-haters must be punished. The persona in this poem attacks all the ugliness and wants to bring a complete change in the society.

                             The poet has used the contrast between the world of the sane man and that of the lunatic. The lunatic perceives what the sane man can’t. For example, the mad man visualizes sound, hear the visible, tastes fragrance, but the normal man hears sound, visualizes the visible, smells fragrance and tastes the delicious food. The lunatic can touch the thing which an ordinary person can’t likewise; he can see a flower in the stone and can talk with the bird. He feels that a heavenly beauty is smiling to him. Similarly, the mad man uses his sixth sense whereas the normal person uses only five senses. The worldly people use brains, but he uses heart. By using the contrast the poet brings out the irony of the poem. The poet wants to say that the worldly people are cold and cruel and they look at the world from their own convention. Although insane, the speaker is sympathetic and his hearing melts when he sees pathetic sights.

                         The phrase “the iconoclast of ugliness” in the poem refers to the world led by the blind people. The shameless leaders are breaking the backbones of human rights. They are persuading people to accept what is unacceptable. They don’t treat human beings as man. They are cruel and inhuman. The speaker in the poem can’t tolerate this kind of ugliness. So he wants to break it. He wants to upset the conventional values which have helped the dictators to exploit the common people. In this sense the speaker is the iconoclast of ugliness.

                             A persona is an invented person in this poem. He or she may not be the author himself or herself. To express the inner feelings or emotions of that persona, the poet has taken the persona of a lunatic in this poem. This poem has an autobiographical element. Observing the unusual behavior of the poet many people in the society called him a mad man. This poem is a response to the people’s comment.

                          The lunatic persona thinks that people cram their brains with worldly facts and figures and clams themselves to be knowledgeable person. They value materialistic thing such as wine, prostitutes, power, but they never appreciate the humanity shining brightly in every insignificant heart. They value the transitory things and disregard the really valuable things. That is why they are bigger fools. The stupidity makes the speaker arrogant.

                                     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqvt7JjrtOo

Article

Gurupurnima and its Significance

Originally shared by Betendra Kumar Dahal

- Betendra Kumar Dahal
betendra49@gmail.com

Gurupurnima is known as the full moon day of the month of Ashadh (Ashad Sukla Paksha) of every year. Guru (teacher) is regarded as the topmost portfolio in our culture. We feel great to the gurus more than our parents. Gurus make the pupils light the world which are suffered as the darkness similar to the system of moon reflecting the sun light. Hence, gurus have the functions/roles to link soul to heaven as the bridge.
Gurus (teachers) are always respectful and respected by their pupils. But the way and context is seen varied. October 5 is dated as the World Teacher's Day in the western cultural where Hindus celebrate Gurupurnima on the full moon day of Ashad. This year Gurupurnima has fallen on Shrawan 11 according to the Nepali Calendar. This day has been celebrated remembering the teachers of own as this was the same day when Gur Byas was born in. It is believed that Guru Byas wrote four Vedas, eighteen Purana, Mahabharata, and Shrimad Bhagawat Gita. He is also known as the guru of Dattatraya, guru of gurus.
On the day of Gurupurnima, all the Hindu followers worship guru Byas along with their gurus (parents, teachers, and so on) with due respect. In Hindu culture, this day is taken as appropriate to learn any tantras, mantras and meditations. It is believed that in an era, all the rishi-munis assembled and began to learn what was in the holy books. It is the period of enjoying after plantation of paddy where there is the beginning of rainy seasons. The beauty of natural sceneries depicts the excited appearances among the ordinary people, too.
Etymologically, the term 'guru' has been taken from the Sanskrit language in which 'gu' means 'darkness' and 'ru' means the light to break such darkness. Thus, 'guru' is defined as such superior persons who bow the seed of knowledge as the light in the blank darken life. That's why, it can be said that 'gurus' are only those who can identify us about to be us by avoiding selfness, rage, and other matters which led to form darkness in our life. In such ways, gurus are elevated as the powerful god themselves and it is impossible to imagine the knowledge without gurus.
In ancient time, the system of getting knowledge from devoting to the gurus (i.e. called gurukul system) was prevalent. In gurukul system of education there was the tradition to serve the gurus while getting education/knowledge. Nowadays, the world has been changed in various dimensions; the system of providing and acquiring education becomes modernized but the significance of gurus has not been lessened. Either in schools, colleges, universities or in any art institutions there is the requirement of teachers to make the pupils learn the knowledge of concerned subject.
Guru is this who transfers the right path to the next generation through various techniques. Those are our teachers who cease our obstruction of inability and make entrance of rays of knowledge without any biasness. They help us to add beauty of humanity in our life. Nowadays which we can find the various inventions, discoveries, and other crux of human existence, these all are the productions of the teachers. From whose inspirations, their students are encouraged to do so. Gurus spread the fragrance of resplendent courtesy. Gurus also become amicable (friendly) with the students for developing cooperative frame of education. They erode the stains the negative attitudes and produce a successful, conscious and follower. Only those, who know of gurus they understand the prominence of knowledge.
Gurus, who provide education of truth and valuable teachings, are the greatest to make our strengths. On the day of Gurupurnima, the pupils respect and remember their teachers with full of dedication. They use to gift sweets, fruits, clothes and so on along with great devotion towards them memorizing their teachings in the past. Such gift given by the successors of gurus to them is called 'gurudakshina'.
Moreover, the right gurudakshina for the teacher is to follow the right path and utilize the education in the right domain from getting knowledge provided/taught by the teachers. Teachers are always seen happy if they have opportunities to see the students' progress in their life which again elevate our gurus to be the teachers. The wise teacher is never beyond of the students' achievement. They have zero proud rather than providing right knowledge to the learners.
In the present day, gurus are named as teacher, tutor, lecturer, professor and so on. Those, all are our teachers/gurus who made us learn the letters, learn speaking, learn stepping, learn eating and wearing, learn the importance of knowledge and other all the right things and show the right way for our life career. This is the special day to remember and respect our gurus but it is too justifiable to respect them forever. Let's remember, respect and honor all the gurus on the occasion of this respected day 'Gurupurnima' and get more and more inspiration, affection and blessing.

Gurupurnima: its significance

Gurupurnima and its Significance
- Betendra Kumar Dahal
betendra49@gmail.com

Gurupurnima is known as the full moon day of the month of Ashadh (Ashad Sukla Paksha) of every year. Guru (teacher) is regarded as the topmost portfolio in our culture. We feel great to the gurus more than our parents. Gurus make the pupils light the world which are suffered as the darkness similar to the system of moon reflecting the sun light. Hence, gurus have the functions/roles to link soul to heaven as the bridge.
Gurus (teachers) are always respectful and respected by their pupils. But the way and context is seen varied. October 5 is dated as the World Teacher's Day in the western cultural where Hindus celebrate Gurupurnima on the full moon day of Ashad. This year Gurupurnima has fallen on 25th Ashad according to the Nepali Calendar. This day has been celebrated remembering the teachers of own as this was the same day when Gur Byas was born in. It is believed that Guru Byas wrote four Vedas, eighteen Purana, Mahabharata, and Shrimad Bhagawat Gita. He is also known as the guru of Dattatraya, guru of gurus.
On the day of Gurupurnima, all the Hindu followers worship guru Byas along with their gurus (parents, teachers, and so on) with due respect. In Hindu culture, this day is taken as appropriate to learn any tantras, mantras and meditations. It is believed that in an era, all the rishi-munis assembled and began to learn what was in the holy books. It is the period of enjoying after plantation of paddy where there is the beginning of rainy seasons. The beauty of natural sceneries depicts the excited appearances among the ordinary people, too.
Etymologically, the term 'guru' has been taken from the Sanskrit language in which 'gu' means 'darkness' and 'ru' means the light to break such darkness. Thus, 'guru' is defined as such superior persons who bow the seed of knowledge as the light in the blank darken life. That's why, it can be said that 'gurus' are only those who can identify us about to be us by avoiding selfness, rage, and other matters which led to form darkness in our life. In such ways, gurus are elevated as the powerful god themselves and it is impossible to imagine the knowledge without gurus.
In ancient time, the system of getting knowledge from devoting to the gurus (i.e. called gurukul system) was prevalent. In gurukul system of education there was the tradition to serve the gurus while getting education/knowledge. Nowadays, the world has been changed in various dimensions; the system of providing and acquiring education becomes modernized but the significance of gurus has not been lessened. Either in schools, colleges, universities or in any art institutions there is the requirement of teachers to make the pupils learn the knowledge of concerned subject.
Guru is this who transfers the right path to the next generation through various techniques. Those are our teachers who cease our obstruction of inability and make entrance of rays of knowledge without any biasness. They help us to add beauty of humanity in our life. Nowadays which we can find the various inventions, discoveries, and other crux of human existence, these all are the productions of the teachers. From whose inspirations, their students are encouraged to do so. Gurus spread the fragrance of resplendent courtesy. Gurus also become amicable (friendly) with the students for developing cooperative frame of education. They erode the stains the negative attitudes and produce a successful, conscious and follower. Only those, who know of gurus they understand the prominence of knowledge.
Gurus, who provide education of truth and valuable teachings, are the greatest to make our strengths. On the day of Gurupurnima, the pupils respect and remember their teachers with full of dedication. They use to gift sweets, fruits, clothes and so on along with great devotion towards them memorizing their teachings in the past. Such gift given by the successors of gurus to them is called 'gurudakshina'.
Moreover, the right gurudakshina for the teacher is to follow the right path and utilize the education in the right domain from getting knowledge provided/taught by the teachers. Teachers are always seen happy if they have opportunities to see the students' progress in their life which again elevate our gurus to be the teachers. The wise teacher is never beyond of the students' achievement. They have zero proud rather than providing right knowledge to the learners.
In the present day, gurus are named as teacher, tutor, lecturer, professor and so on. Those, all are our teachers/gurus who made us learn the letters, learn speaking, learn stepping, learn eating and wearing, learn the importance of knowledge and other all the right things and show the right way for our life career. This is the special day to remember and respect our gurus but it is too justifiable to respect them forever. Let's remember, respect and honor all the gurus on the occasion of this respected day 'Gurupurnima' and get more and more inspiration, affection and blessing.

TSC Preparation: Curriculum Development<>Objective Questions

kf7\oqmdsf] cy{ lgdf0f{ k|lqmof / tTj

!=kf7\oqmdsf] ;+s"lrt cy{ tnsf dWo s"g JolQm ;+u ;DalGwt 5 <

     s= u]6]   v= x"lrg  u= slgª\3d  3= 6fj/

@= kf7\oqmdsf] ;+s"lrt cy{ tnsf dWo] s"g xf]Og <

     s= ljifo ;'lr  v= kf7\ofªz  u= ljifoj:t"sf] ;du| ?k  3= ;du| l;sfOg] ljifo of]hgfx?

#= kf7\oqmdsf] Jofks cy{ leq s"g kIf ;d]l6Psf] x"G5 <

        s=   ljifoj:t"  v= kf7\ok":ts   u= l;sf?sf  cg"ej  3= dflysf ;a}

$= tnsf dWo kf7\oqmdsf] vf; cy{ s"g xf] <

      s= ljifoj:t"   v= ck]lIft l;sfO pknJwL  u= l;sfOsf cg"ejx?  3= ;du|     l;sfO sfo{qmd 9frf

%= lzIfsnfO{ ;xhstf{sf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ug]{ kf7\oqmdsf] cjwf/0ff s"g xf] <

     s= ljifoj:t" ?kL kf7\oqmd  v= cg"ej?kL kf7\oqmd

     u= pb]Zo pGd"v kf7\oqmd  3= z}If]l0fs of]hgf?kL kf7\oqmd

^= kf7\oqmdnfO{ ck]Iffsf ?kdf pEofpg] kIf s"g xf] <

     s= lzIf0f l;sfOsf] kl/df0f  v= lzIf0f l;sfOsf] ;fWo

     u= l;sfOsf] :yfgfGt/0f     3= l;sfO{sf] k|If]k0f

&= kf7\oqmd zJbsf] pTklQ sxf af6 eof] <

     s= k|m]Gr zJb     v= u|Ls zJb

     u= Nofl6g zJb    3= c+u|]h zJb

*= kf7\oqmdnfO{ ljifoj:t"sf ?kdf JofVof ul/G5 lsgsL =====

     s= of] lzIf0fsf] nflu tof/L ljifoa:t" xf] .

     v= lzIf0f l;sfO{sf] qmda4 of]hgf xf] .

     u= of] ;du| lqmofsnfksf] 9frf+ xf] .

     3= l;sfO{ cg"ej u|x0f ug]{ k|lqmof xf] .

(= ljifoj:t"sf ?kdf lrlgg] kf7\oqmdn] hf]8 lbG5 M

    s= l;sf?sf cfjZostf   v= 1fgsf] ;+u7g

     u= ;dfhsf cfjZostf   3= ;d:ofsf ;dfwfg

!)= kf7\oqmd cfjZos 5 lsgsL ====

     s= l;sfOsf /0fgLlt

     v= ljwfyL{ n]vfhf]vf sf dfkb08 k|bfg ug{

     u= lzIfssf] bIftf d'Nofªsg ug{

     3= dflysf ;a}

!!= kf7\oqmdnfO{ pb]Zosf ?kdf ck]Iffsf ?kdf :jLsf/ ug]{ JolQm sf] x"g <

    s= k|mf]j]n  v= 6fjf  u= 6]n/  3= Kn]6f]

!@= kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjogsdf a9L k|efjsf/L kfg]{ tTj s"g xf] <

    s= afnssf] a[l4 ljsf;  v= l;sfOsf l;4fGtx?

    u= 1fg       3= ;dfh

!#= tnsf dWo s"g kf7\oqmdsf] tTjn] ;"wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg u5{ <

     s= pb]Zo           v= ljifoj:t"

     u= l;;;;;;;;zsfO{ /0fgLlt     3= ljifoj:t"

!$= kf7\oqmdnfO{ Jojl:yt cWoogsf] If]qdf ;d]6\g] k|yd JolQm s"g x"g <

       s= 6]n/   v= 6fjf  u= ajL6   3= lx6n/

!%= æ kf7\oqmdnfO{ lzIfssf xftsf] cf}hf/ xf] æ eGg] dfGotf /fVg] kf7\oqmd ljb\ sf] x"g <

       s= 6fjf   v= 6]n/   u= slg3ªd  3= k|mf]j]n

!^= kf7\oqmd kl/jt{g k|lqmofdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|yd r/0f s"g xf] <

       s= ljifo ;'rL kl/jt{g    v= pb]Zodf kl/jt{g

       u= 1fgdf kl/jt{g      3= lzIf0f /0fgLltdf kl/jt{g

!&= ljifoa:t" sf] ;fdfGoaf6  ljlzi6 ;+u7gn] kf7\oqmdsf] s"g k|lqmof ;+u ;DaGw /fVb5 .

       s= lg/Gt/tf  v= ;du|tf  u= qmda4tf  3= z;a}

!*= kf7\oqmdsf] lIfltlho ;+u7gsf] :j?k s:tf] x"G5 <

     s= sIff % sf] ul0ft / lj1fgsf ljifoj:t"sf] z;DaGw

   v= sIff % sf] ul0ftsf] sIff ^ sf] lj1fg ;+u

   u= sIff % sf] ul0ftsf] sIff ^ sf] ul0ft ;+u

   3= sIff % sf] ul0ftn] sIff ^ sf] ;a} ljifo;+u

!(= l;sf? s]lGb|t kf7\oqmdn] s] df hf]8 lbG5 <

   s= l;sfO{g] ljifoj:t"    v= l;lsg] Jojxf/

   u= ;fdflhs ;d:of      3= l;sf?sf lqmofsnfk

@)= kf7\oqmdsf] s"g 9frfn] l;sf?sf cfjZostf /  rfxfgfnfO{ hf]8 lbG5 <

   s= d"Vo kf7\oqmd     v= l;sf? s]lGb|t kf7\oqmd

   u= ;d:of s]lGb|t     3= ljifo s]lGb|t

@!= s"g} Ps ljifonfO{ s]Gb|df /fvL cGo ldNbf h"Nbf ljifonfO{ ;d]6]/ tof/ ePsf] kf7\oqmd sf] 9frf s:tf] x"G5 <

   s= ljifo s]lGb|t   v= d"Vo 9frf

   u= l;sf? slGb|t  3= ;d:of s]lGb|t

@@= ;d:of s]lGb|t 9frfsf] sdhf]/ kIf s"g xf]Og <

   s= ;d:of s]nfpg ufx|f]    v= ;d:ofsf] lje]b

   u= lj1tfsf] sdL        3= ;fGble{stf 36g

@#= tnsf dWo] ;j}eGbf k"/fgf] kf7\oqmd 9frf s"g xf] <

   s= l;sf? s]lGb|t     v= ;d:of s]lGb|t

   u= ljifo s]lGb|t      3= d"Vo ljifo 9frf

@$= ljifos]lGb|t 9frfsf] d"Vo ljif]ztf s"g xf] <

   s= ljifoj:t"sf] 5gf}6 / ;+u7g

   v= ljifoj:t"sf] JofVofg /0fgLltdf hf]8

   u= ljifoj:t" 5gf}6 / ;+u7gdf tfls{stf

   3= ljifoj:t"sf] jlu{s/0f

@%= lhjg kl/l:yltdf cfwf/e"t kf7\oqmd 9frf s"g xf] <

   s= ;d:of s]lGb|t   v= d"Vo kf7\oqmd 9frf

   u= l;sf? s]lGb|t   3= ljifos]lGb|t

@^= ;fdflhs tyf k"glgdf{0f jfbL kf7\oqmd 9frf s"g xf] <

   s= l;sf? s]lGb|t 9frf   v= ;d:of s]lGb|t 9frf

   u= d"Vo 9frf        3= ljifo s]lGb|t 9frf

@&= kf7\oqmdsf pb]Zo lgdf{0f ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] dfgl;s k|lqmoff s] nfO{ 7flgPsf] 5 <

   s= k"g Mk|fKtL    v= 1fgsf] pkof]u

   u= dxf1fg k|fKtL  3= cfTd k4lt

@*= l;sfO cg"ejsf] 5gF}f6 sf d"Vo cfwf/ s"g xf] <

   s= lIfltlho ;+u7g    v= nDaLo ;+u7g

   u= cEof;sf] cj;/    3= qmda4tf

@(= kf7\oqmdsf ljifoj:t" 5gf}6sf] cfwf/ tnsf dWo s"g xf]Og <

    s= ?rLsf] cfwf/    v= dxTjsf] cfwf/

    u= qmdlgwf{/0f / tfls{stf   3= pkof]lutf

#)= k'j{lgwf{l/t kf7\oqmdnfO{ :jLsf/ gug]{ kf7\oqmdsf] 9frf s"g xf] <

    s= ljifo slGb|t   v= l;sf? s]lGb|t

    u= ;d:of s]lGb|t    3= d"Vo kf7\oqmd

#!= kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fdf If]q tyf qmdsf] d"Vo ;DjGw s] ;+u x"G5 <

     s= lzIf0f lqmofsnfk     v= lzIf0f ;fdu|L

     u= ljifo j:t"         3= ljifo j:t"sf] pb]Zo

#@= kf7\oqmdsf ;fdfGo pb]Zon] a9L s] ;+u ;DaGw /fVb5 <

     s=  ljifo j:t" 5gf}6 / ;+u7gdf      v= lzIf0f ;fdu|L

     u= ljifoj:t"              3= ljifoj:t"sf] pb]Zo

##= ;+1fgfTds k4ltsf] pRr tx s"g xf] <

    s= k"gMk|fKtL      v= ljZn]if0f

    u= zZn]if0f      3= 1fgsf] pkof]u

#$= pb]Zo lgdf{0fdf 1fgsf] If]q dhf{gf]n] g;d]6]sf] If]q s"g xf]] <

    s= ;"rgf k|lqmof     v= dfgl;s k|lqmof

    u= dgf]lqmofTds k|lqmof  3= ;+1fgfTds k|lqmof

#%= æ sf7df08f} pkTosfdf 6«flkms ;'rgf k|jfx / b"3{6gf æ eGg] ljifo kf7oqmdsf] s"g 9frf ;+u ;DaGwLt x"G5 <

    s= ;d:ofs]lGb|t 9frf     v= d"Vo 9frf

    u= ljifos]lGb|t 9frf    3=  l;sf?s]lGb|t 9frf

#^=æ ljwfyL{x? hgcfGbf]ng @)$* / @)^# ljr km/s 5"6\ofpg ;Sg] 5g æ  eGg] pb]Zo tnsf dWo s"g ju{ ;+u ;DaGwLt x"G5g <

    s= ;DaGwfTds   v= jlu{s[tfTds

    u= qm"l6ljZn]if0f    3= ;fdfGoLs/0f

#&= tnsf dWo s"g lzIffsf] /fli6«o pb]Zo leq kb{5 <

    s= j}olQmtf    v= cfGtl/s Ifdtf ljsf;

    u= g]t[Tj ljsf;   3= bIf gful/s ljsf;

#*= k|fylds tx - u|8 !—* _ sf] pb]Zo s"g xf] <

    s= lzIff / >d k|lt ;sf/fTds efjgf ljsf; ug"{

    v= ;+:s[lts ljleGgtfsf] sb/ ug"{

    u= pTkfbgzLn gful/s tof/ ug"{

    3= dflysf ;a}

#(= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)^# cg";f/ ljwfnosf] k|:tfljt ;+/rgf s:tf] lyof] <

    s= #+ % +$     v= % +% +@

    u= *+ $      3= # +@ +% +@

$)= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?kn] cf}NofPsf d"Vo d"2f s"g xf] <

   s= ljwfnosf] z}lIfs ;+/rgf km]/jbn

   v= ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lt kl/j]zsf] cWoog

   u= kf7\ok":ts / kf7\o;fdu|L k"g{n]vg

    3= lzIfssf] k]zfut ljsf;

$!= kf7\oqmd kl/dfh{gdf kf7\oqmdsf ljifoa:t"sf] ;dGjo ;+u7g / kf7\oef/ ;DaGwL ;+zf]wg 5nkmn ug]{ lgsfo s"g xf] <

    s= d:of}bf ;ldlt     v= ljifo ;ldlt

    u= ;dGjo ;ldlt     3= kf7\oqmd d'Nofªsg kl/ifb

$@= kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| sf] sfd s"g xf] <

    s= kf7\ok":ts n]vg   v= kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjog

    u= kf7\o;fdu|L pTkfbg  3= dflysf ;a}

$#= kf7\oqmdsf] clGtd :jLs[tL s;n] lbG5 <

    s= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd tyf d'Nofªsg kl/ifb

    v= kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|

    u= lzIff dGqfno

    3= lzIff ljefu

$$= kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f ;DaGwL lglt lgdf{0f ug]{ lgsfo s"g xf] <

    s= kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|

    v= lzIff dGqfno

    u= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d'Nofªsg kl/ifb

    3= kf7\oqmd ljifo ;ldlt

$%= g]kfnsf] ljwfno txsf] kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog sf] clGtd :jLs[lt s;n] lbG5 <

    s= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d'Nofªsg kl/ifb

    v= lzIff dGqfno

    u= g]kfn ;/sf/

    3= kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|

$^= kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf] d"Vo sfo{ s"g xf] <

   s= kf7\oqmd kf7\ok":ts k|ljlws/0f ug]{

   v= kf7\oqmd ;DaGwL lglt lgwF{/0f ug]{

    u= kf7\ok":ts tyf kf7\o;fdu|L pTkfbg ug]{

    3= kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjog ug]{

$&= kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf] klxnf] r/0f s"g xf] <

    s= kf7\oqmd d:of}bf ;ldlt lgdf{0f

    v= kf7\oqmd d:of}bf tof/L

    u= d:of}bf sf] ;DjGwLt ;ldltdf 5nkmn

    3= /fo;"emfj ;+sng

$*= kf7\oqmdsf] tNnf] tx b]lv dflyNnf] tx;Ddsf ljifoj:t" ;+u7g ug]{ cfwf/ s"g xf] <

     s= tfls{s cfwf/    v= nDaLo cfwf/

     u= dgf]j}1flgs cfwf/  3= bfz{lgs cfwf/

$(= kf7\oqmdsf ljifoj:t" ;+u7g ug]{ d"vo ;d:of s"g xf] <

     s= ulx/fO rf}8fO,qmldstf / Pstf

     v= If]q qmd, ;Gt"ng / Pstf

     u= lg/Gt/tf, qmldstf If]q / Pstf

     3= lg/Gt/tf qmldstf ;Gt"ng / Pstf

%)= kf7\oqmdsf ljifo j:t"sf] nDaLo ;+u7gn] a"emfp+5 M

     s= If]q / qmd    v= lg/Gt/tf / qmd

     u= qmd / Pstf   3= If]q / lg/Gt/tf

%!= kf7\oqmdsf ljifoj:t" sf] If]q eGgfn] M

     s= ljifoj:t"sf] lg/Gt/tf / qmd

     v= ljifoj:t"sf] ulx/fO / km/flsnf]kgf

     u= ljifoj:t"sf] a9\bf] qmldstf

     3= ljifoj:t"sf] ulx/fO / lg/Gt/tf

%@= kf7\oqmd ;To tYo / cflwsfl/s x"g"nfO{ tnsf dWo s] elgG5 <

    s= j}w   v= ljZj;lgo u= pkof]lu  3= k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]

%#= g]kfndf ljwfno txsf] kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjog u/fpg] cflwsfl/s lgsfo s"g xf] <

    s= kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok":ts ;dGjo ;ldlt

    v= ljifo ;ldlt

    u= kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok":ts d'Nofªsg kl/ifb

    3= kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|

%$= kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fubf{ l;sf? k|lt Wofg k"/\ofpg kg]{ d"Vo kIf s"g xf] <

    s= zf/Ll/s ljsf;qmd   v= dgf]j}1flgs cfjZostf

    u= ;+j]u tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;   3= dflysf ;a}s

%%= kf7\oqmd ljsf;df k|efjkfg]{ tTj tnsf dWo s"g xf]Og <

    s= l;sfO l;4fGt   v= ;dfh / ljwfno

    u= ;d;fdlos 1fg   3= lzIff k|zf;g

%^=' black  box ' theary  l;sfOsf] s"g l;4fGt ;+u ;DaGwLt

    s= /rgfjfbL l;4fGt   v= ;+1fgjfbL l;4fGt

    u= Jojxf/jfbL l;4fGt   3= dfgjtfjfbL l;4fGt

%&= l;sfOsf nflu '  self  system  ' / ' self esteem ' k4lt cfjZjos 7fGg] ljrf/ s;sf] xf] <

    s= Jojxf/jfbL   v= ;+1fgjfb  u= /rgfjfbL    3= dfgjtfjfbL

%*= tnsf dWo lzIffsf] /fli6«o pb]Zo s"g xf] <

    s =j}olQms ljsf; ug"{   v= cfGtl/s Ifdtf ljsf; ug{

    u= /fhg}lgs g]t[Tj ljsf;  3= z}lIfs JolQmTj ljsf;

\%(= k'j{k|fylds txsf] lzIffsf] pb]Zo s"g xf] <    

    s= ;kmf;"U3/ /xg] afgL a;fGg

    v= jfn  clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug'{

    u= k|hftflGqs d'No dfGotfsf] ljsf; ug"{

^)= k|fylds txdf ;a}eGbf a9L kf7\oef/ s"g ljifosf] /fv]sf] 5<

     s= ;fdflhs    v= g]kfnL   u= c+u|]hL   3= ul0ft

    3= v]ns"b / zf/Ll/s cEof;df hf]8 lbg"

^!= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k nfu" nfu" ePsf] z}lIfs zq s"g xf] <

    s= lj=;= @)^#  v= lj=;= @)^$  u= lj=;= @)^%  3= lj=;=@)&!

^@= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?ksf] kl/dfh{g slxn] ul/of] <

    s= lj=;= @)&@  v= lj=;= @)^&  u= lj=;= @)&!  3= lj=;= @)^(

^#= kf7\oqmd ljsf;df pTkGg ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] dfWod s"g xf] <

     s= zf]wvf]hdf hf]8 lbg"     v= gof 1fgsf] k|fKtL ug{"

     u= ljwfyL{s ljljw Ifdtfsf] kQf nufpg" 

     3= ck|rlnt  1fgsf] lg/fs/0f

^$= jt{dfg kf7\oqmd ljsf; / lj:tf/df pTkGg r"gf}lt s"g xf] <

     s= kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fdf s]lGb|s/0f ul/g"

     v= ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] rf;f]] a9\g g;Sg"

     u= kf7\oqmdn] ;fd"lxs cfjZostf jf]w gug"{

     3= dflysf ;a}

^%= kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf] sfd s"g xf]Og <

    s= kf7\o;fdu|L sf] ljsf;    v= cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk ;+rfng

    u= s / v b"j}          3= dflysf s"g} xf]Ogg

^^= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; d'Nofªsg kl/ifb sf] ;b:o tnsf dWo s"g xf]Og <

    s= lgb]{zs, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| lqe"jg ljZjljwfno

    v= sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb|

    u= lgb]{zs, cgf}krfl/s lzIFf s]Gb|

    3= lgb]{zs, lzIff ljefu

^&= tnsf dWo kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf] sfd s"g xf]Og <

     s= ljwfno txsf] kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f ug"{,

     v= ljwfno txsf] kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog sf] gLlt to ug"{

     u= kf7\oqmd af]lws/0f ug"{

     3= dflysf ;a}

^*= tnsf dWo s"g /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?ksf] cf}lrTo leq k5{ <

    s= ljwfno lzIffnfO{ ;j{;"ne agfpg,

    v= ;do ;fGble{s kf7\oqmd agfO tTsflng cfjZostf k"/f ug{ ,

    u= ;dofg"s"n kf7\oqmd kl/dfh{g ug{,

    3= z}lIfs d"2fsf] ;Daf]wg ug

^( =;+:s[t j]b ljwfnosf] kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z gePsf] ljifo s"g xf] <

      s= ul0ft    v= g]kfnL   u= Jofs/0f  3= lgltzf:q

&)= ljwfno txdf kf7\oqmd lsg k|of]u ul/G5 <

     s= z}lIfs pb]Zox? lgwf{/0f ug{

     v= dxTjk'0f{ / Jojl:yt 1fg k|bfg ug{

     u= lzIF0f ljlw 5gf}6 / k|of]u ug{

     3= z}lIfs ;fdu|L 5gf}6 / k|of\]u ug{

&!= kf7\oqmdnfO{ ljifo;"rL sf ?kdf wf/0f s;n] agfof] <

     s= ljpRofDk   v= ?;f]    u= k|mf]j]n   3= l8j]

&@= tnsf dWo kf7\oqmdnfO{ l;sfO cg"ej sf ?kdf lng] JolQm sf] x"g <

     s= lk|G6  v= SofDkj]n   u= Sof;j]n   3= ;a}

&#= kf7\oqmdnfO{ clek|fo sf ?kdf JofVof ug]{ JolQm sf] x"g <

    s= kf]kmfd    v= SofDkj]n   u= ?zf]  3= k|mf]j]n

&$= kf7\oqmdnfO{ pb]Zo pGd'v gd"gfsf ?kdf n}hfg] lzIffljb\ sf] x"g <

    s= 6]n/    v= 6fjf    u= ?zf]   3= s / v b"j}

&%= cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] pb]Zo tnsf dWo s"g xf] <

   s= dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/IF0f / ljsf; ug{

   v= g}lts Pjd OdfGbf/L / zDo JolQm agfpg"

   u= ;+rf/0fsf nflu eflifs ljsf; pRr agfpg

   3= /fi6«k|lt ;sf/fTds efjgf ljsf; ug"{

&^= ljwfno txsf] jt{dfg kf7\oqmd sf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f df lglb{i6 ug]{ z}lIfs of]hgf s"g xf] <

   s= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)^#

   v= /fli6«o lzIff cfof]u @)$(

   u= ljwfno If]q ;"wf/ sfo{qmd

   3= s / u b"j}

&&= k|fylds txsf] kf7\oqmd k|f?k slt r/0fdf nfu" eof] <

    s= ltg r/0f   v= Ps r/0f   u= b"O{ r/0f   3= rf/ r/0f

&*= lg= df= lj= txdf g}lts tyf gful/s lzIffsf] kf7\oqmd slxn] b]lv sfof{Gjogdf NofOof]<

   s= lj=;=@)%&  v= lj=;=@)^)   u= lj=;=@)^!   3= lj=;=@)^@

&(= jt{dfg kf7\oqmd cg";f/ k]zf, Joj;fo / k|ljlw lzIffdf s"g ljifo kb]{g < 

    s= sd{sf08   v= Hof]ltifL   u= l;nfO a"gfO   3= df5fkfng

*)= tnsf dWo s"g db/;f lzIff kf7\oqmdsf] ljifo xf] <

    s= ;+:s[t  v= kfnLefiff   u= ;Def]/f   3 = lblgoft

*!= dfWolds txsf] dfgljls ;d'xsf ljifo s"g xf]Og <

    s= ul0ft    v= gful/s zf:q   u= Oltxf;   3= jftfj/0f

*@= cfwf/e"t lzIFf - sIFf ^—* _  kf7\oqmd :jLs[t ePsf] ldlt s"g xf] <

    s= @)^^.&.@@        v= @)^&.#.@) 

    u= @)^&.&.@)        3= @)^(.#.@)

*#= cfwf/e" lzIffsf] kf7\oqmd k/LIf0f slt lhNnfdf ul/Psf] lyof] <

    s= !% lhNnf   v= @) lhNnf   u= !* lhNnf    3= @@ lhNnf

*$= tnsf dWo cfwf/e"t txsf]  ;+/rgf s"g l7s 5 <

   s= !—#, !—%, ^—*       v= !—#, $—%, ^—*

   u= !—#, $—^, &—*       3= dflysf s"g} xf]Ogg\

*%= k|fylds txsf] kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjog of]hgf slxn] b]lv ;"?eof] <

   s= @)^!   v= @)^#   u= @)^&   3= @)^^

*^= k|f/DeLs afn ljsf; s]Gb| b]lv sIff * ;Dd cfwf/e"t tx sf ?kdff kl/eflift ug]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf slxn] eof] <

   s= lzIff P]gsf] cf7f}+ zzf]wg @)&#   v= lzIff lgodfjnLsf] rf}yf}+ ;+zf]wg @)^^

   u= lzIff P]gsf] ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg @)^%  3= lzIff lgodfjnLsf] bf];|f] ;+zf]wg @)^$

*&= sIff $—% df ;aeGbf sd kf7\oqmd ePsf] ljifo s"g xf] <

   s= :yflgo ljifo    v= lj1fg ljifo   u= l;h[gfTds snf  3 :jf:Yo zfl//Ls

**= sIff ^—* df ;aeGbf sd kf7\oef/ ePsf] ljifo s"g xf] <

    s= lj1fg jftfj/0f    v= :yflgo   u= g}lts lzIff  3= ;+:s[t

*(= P]ltxfl;s ?kdf ;a}eGbf k"/fgf] kf7\oqmd 9frf+ s"g xf] <

    s= l;sf? s]lGb|t   v= ljifos]lGb|t  u= cg"ej s]lGb|t  3= dfgjtfjfbL 9frf+

()=  dfWoflds txsf] ;fdflhs ljifosf] kf7\oqmd s"g 9frf+df cfwfl/t 5 <

     s= ljifout 9frf+  v= k|lqmofuot 9frf+  u= ;x;DaGwfTds 9frf+

     3= a[xt 9frf+

(!= sIff !—* nfO cfwf/e"t tx agfpg] sfg"gL Joj:yf slxn] eof] <

    s= lzIff P]gsf] cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg @)&#

    v= lzIff lgodfjnL sf] rf}yf}+ ;zf]wg @)^^

    u= /flii6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d'Nofªsg kl/ifb lgb]{lzsf @)^&

    3= lzIff P]g @)@* sf] cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg @)&#

(@= cfwf/e"t txsf] kf7\oqmd kl/If0fsf nflu :jLs[lt lbg] lgsfo s"g xf] <

     s= kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|   v= ljifo ;ldlt

     u= lzIff dGqfno       3= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d'Nofªsg kl/ifb

(#= cfwf/e"t txsf] kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjog sf] lg0f{o s;n] u/]sf] xf] <

    s= kf7\oqmd ;dGjo ;ldlt               v= kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|                                                                                                                              =    u= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d'Nofªsg kl/ifb

    3= s"g} klg xf]Ogg

($= cfwf/e"t txdf db/zf lzIffsf] kf7\oqmd df slt ljifo / k'0ff{ªs /flvPsf] 5 <

    s= ( j6f ljifo k'0ff{ªs *))  v= * j6f ljifo k'0ff{ªs *))

    u= ( ljifo k'0ff{ªs ())     3= & j6f ljifo k'0ff{ªs

(%= ;+:s[t lzIff tkm{sf] cfwf/e"t txdf ;+:s[t ljifo slt k'0ff{ªs /flvPsf] 5 <

   s= !)) k'0ff{ªs    v= @)) k'0ff{ªs   

   u= $))  k'0ff{ªs   3= #)) k'0ff{ªs

(^= u"?s"n lzIff - sIff ^—* _ df kf7\oqmd leq g/fv]sf] ljifo s"g xf] <

    s= g]kfnL   v= c+u|]hL  u= j]b / lglt zf:q  3= lj1fg jftfj/0f

(&= dfWolds tx - (—!) _ sf] P]lR5s k|yd kqdf slt j6f ;d'x 5"6\ofOPsf] 5 <

    s= Pp6f ;d'x   v= ltg ;d'x  u= b"O ;d'x  3= ;d'x g} 5}g

(*= dfWolds txsf] efiff ;d'xdf slt ljifo ;dfj]z u/LPsf] 5 <

    s= @# j6f efiff    v= @) j6f efiff   u= @@ j6f efiff  3= !% j6f efiff

((= dfWolds tx - sIff ( / !) _ sf] P]lR5s bf];|f] kqdf ;dfj]z gePsf] ljifo s"g xf]<

   s= kmf]6f]u|fkmL    v= ecd      u= vfB ljefu   3= jftfj/0f lj1fg

!))= sIff !) sf] kf7\oqmd kl/If0f nfu" ePsf lhNnf tnsf dWo s"g lyP <

   s= emfkf / wgs"6f   v= sf7df08f}+ / /;"jf

   u= b}n]v / ;"v]{t    3= 8f]6L / sGr+gk"/

!)!= sIFf ( / !) b"a} kf7\oqmd kl/If0f df k/]sf lhNnf slt x"g <

    s= #  v= %   u= $  3= ^

!)@= g]kfndf ;a}eGbf klxn] kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f sf] P]ltxfl;s yfngL ePsf] lyof] <

     s= lj=;= !(()     v= lj=;= !((&   u= lj=;= !(^&  3= lj=;= !(^*

!)#= kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\o;fdu|L ljsf; lgb]{lzsf @)&# n] tf]s]sf kf7\oqmd ljsf; cfwf/ df s"g kb}g <

    s= sfg"gL cfwf/   v= cfjZosstf sf] cfwf/

    u= /fhlglts cfwf/   3= e'—d08nLo cfwf/

!)$= cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd - sIff ^—* _ cg";f/ Ps z}lIFs jif{df sDltdf slt 306f k7gkf7g x"G5 <

   s= (^#   v= !)@)  u= !)%)  3=  !)#^

!)%= lhNnfdf ul7t kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok":ts ;dGjo ;ldltsf] cWoIf sf] x"G5 <

    s= k|d"v lhNnf clwsf/L    v= lhNnf ;dGjo ;efklt

    u= lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L    3= :yflgo ljsf; clwsf/L

!)^= sIFf !—# df :yflgo ljifosf] kf7\oef/ / k'0ff{ªs slt 5 <

       s= %.!))    v= $.!))  u= #.!))  3= @.%)

!)&= sIff $—% df ;[h{gfTdes snf ljifosf] ;fKtflxs kf7\oef/ slt 5 < 

     s= @.%)   v= @.@%   u= #.@%   3= $.%)

!)*= g}lts lzIff ljifo s"g sIffsf] kf7\oqmd df /flvPsf] 5 <

    s= sIFf !—#    v= sIff $—%  u= sIff !—*  3= sIff ^—*

!)(= jt{dfg kf7\oqmddf d'Nofªsg ;+u ;DaGwLt lqmofsnfk nfO{ jflif{s slt 306f 5"6\ofOPsf] 5 <

    s= (@ 306f  v= !!) 306f  u= !)$ 306f  3= !)@ 306f

!!)= c+u|]hL ljifonfO sIff ! b]lv clgjfo{ ljifo sf ?kdf slxn] b]lv nfu" ul/of] <

     s= @)^)   v= @)%%   u= @)^#   3= @)^@

!!!= :yflgo kf7\oqmdsf] c+z ;dfj]z ePsf] ljifo s"g xf] <

    s= ;fdflhs cWoog / ;[h{gfTds snf

    v= ;fdflhs cWoog / zf/Ll/s lzIff

    u= ;fdflhs cWoog / g]kfnL efiff

    3= ;fdflhs cWoog , ;[h{gfTds snf / zf/Ll/s lzIff